Migrants, immigrés, réfugiés, demandeurs d'asile, libérés conditionnels : Comprendre les principales différences
Migrants. Immigrants. Réfugiés. Demandeurs d'asile. Libérés conditionnels. Tous quittent leur foyer en quête d'une vie meilleure. Certains partent par choix, d'autres par nécessité absolue. Les termes utilisés pour décrire les personnes qui prennent ces décisions difficiles et ces voyages sont déterminés par la raison pour laquelle elles viennent, et les différents droits légaux dont ils disposent à leur arrivée.
Migrants et immigrés
Les termes "migrant" et "immigrant" ne sont pas des statuts juridiques humanitaires statutesmais des descripteurs. Bien que l'usage varie, formellement ta principale différence entre les migrants et les immigrés est la permanence de leur séjour dans un nouveau lieu.
Migrants
Les migrants sont des personnes en mouvement soit dans leur pays d'origine ou à l'échelle internationale, qui ne nécessairement l'intention deo séjourner à leur destination indéfiniment. Il est important de noter que le terme "migrant" est souvent utilisé comme terme générique lorsque l'on parle de's les motivations des personnes à franchir les frontières, ou leur ultime leur statut final après leur arrivée, n'est pasn'est pas clair.
Immigrants
Les immigrés choisissent de se rendre dans un pays étranger avec l'intention de s'y installer. Ils sont souvent soumis à une longue procédure de contrôle. Nombre d'entre eux deviennent des résidents permanents légaux et, à terme, des citoyens.
Le terme "émigrant" est utilisé pour décrire une personne qui quitte son pays d'origine, et "immigrant" est utilisé pour décrire une personne qui entre ou est entrée dans un nouveau pays.
Réfugiés, demandeurs d'asile, libérés conditionnels, bénéficiaires du statut de protection temporaire (TPS)les victimes de la traite des êtres humains et les enfants non accompagnés.
Ces termes se réfèrent au statut juridique humanitaire - ils sont définis par les raisons de leur venue ou les moyens utilisés pour arriver, et aussi par les droits et les protections qu'ils reçoivent à leur arrivée aux U.S.
Réfugiés
Les réfugiés quittent leur pays d'origine et et ne peuvent ou ne veulent ne peuvent pas ou ne veulent pas retourner dans leur pays en raison a crainte fondée d'être persécuté en raison de sa race, de sa religion, de sa nationalité, de son appartenance à un groupe social particulier ou de ses opinions politiques.

Those who obtain the legal status of “refugee,” are given protections under international laws and conventions. They can live and work legally and receive lifesaving support from agencies like IINE. The determination is made by an official entity such as a government or the U.N. Refugee Agency before the journey is made to a new country. In the U.S., refugees can join the workforce and have pathways to become lawful permanent residents and eventually citizens.
Informally, “refugee” is sometimes used as an umbrella term to describe anyone who leaves their country due to unsafe conditions, regardless of legal status. Learn about IINE’s Refugee Resettlement program.
Asylum-Seekers
Asylum-seekers leave their home countries with the hope of obtaining the same protections given to refugees once they arrive at their country of destination. Upon reaching or crossing the border, they must apply for “Asylum,” and prove to authorities that they have suffered persecution, or fear that they will suffer persecution, based upon race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion. Those whose claims are successful—and who are granted protections within their new countries—are called “Asylees.” Asylum-seekers can apply to work in the U.S. while their cases are pending and like refugees, asylees have a path to a green card, and eventually, citizenship.
Temporary Protected Status (TPS)
Temporary Protected Status allows designated foreign-born individuals to temporarily remain in the U.S. and apply for work authorization in the U.S. while it is deemed unsafe to return to their country of origin.
When a war breaks out, or a natural disaster strikes a foreign country, people from that country who are currently in the U.S. may be granted TPS by the U.S. government. TPS is sometimes renewed over several years—and sometimes the renewal decision becomes politically contentious. The status does not inherently provide a pathway to citizenship, or the same rights and protections afforded to refugees and asylees, but TPS recipients can apply for asylum, or other humanitarian legal statuses.
Parolees

Parolees, also known as “Humanitarian Parolees,” are granted entrance to the U.S. temporarily for urgent humanitarian reasons—usually for one year at a time. Like TPS recipients, they do not inherently have a pathway to citizenship, but can apply for authorization to work while in the U.S., for asylum, or for other humanitarian legal statuses.
Cuban/Haitian/Nicaraguan/Venezuelan (CHNV) Parolees
CHNV Parolees, under a new legal status, can enter the U.S. for two years if they have sponsors in the U.S. who commit to providing housing and financial support for this period. This mirrors the Unite for Ukraine (U4U) program launched earlier for Ukrainians fleeing the Russian invasion of their country.
Victims of Trafficking
Victims of Trafficking are people who are subjected to force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of commercial sex, debt bondage, or involuntary labor. Human Trafficking is one way in which people are forced to move across borders, but trafficking victims can be U.S. citizens, Lawful Permanent Residents, or foreign nationals.
IINE provides a Trafficking Victims Assistance Program to provide case management and immigration legal support to foreign-born victims of trafficking.
Unaccompanied Children (UC)
Unaccompanied Children are people younger than 18 years-old who enter the U.S. independently of a parent or legal guardian and for whom no parent or legal guardian in the U.S. is available to provide care and physical custody. They are usually fleeing unlivable conditions and threats to their safety in their home countries, and often seeking to reunite with family members in the U.S. Learn about IINE’s Unaccompanied Children program.
Internally Displaced Persons and Climate Disaster Displaced Persons (CDP)
These statuses currently fall outside of humanitarian protections.
Internally Displaced Persons (IDP)
IDP have been forced to leave their homes because of violence, human rights violations, or natural disasters, but, either by choice or necessity, have not crossed an internationally recognized border. IDPs do not have special status internationally or in the U.S. with rights specific to their situation.
Climate Displaced Persons (CDP)
CDP have been forced from their homes due to disasters caused by climate change. A growing population, individuals displaced by climate disasters alone do not currently qualify for humanitarian protections internationally or in the U.S.







Despite living in limbo, over the past two years Afghans have put down roots in New England. IINE has helped Afghan families in
Qu'est-ce qui vous a amené à l'Institut international de la Nouvelle-Angleterre ?
It’s difficult at times to focus on hobbies because for Ukrainians, the number one goal at the moment is victory and survival. In order to get to victory faster, I started an initiative for creative people to do projects for people and use the revenue to support Ukraine. I have been doing photo and video shoots to help my friends who are fighting in Ukraine and who are in dire situations (





Soyez flexible et ouvert au changement. Le personnel de l'IINE est une communauté accueillante. Ils veulent vous soutenir et vous enseigner, et vous devez être prêt à les soutenir et à apprendre, vous aussi. 








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